Abstract
This paper introduces a novel modification to classical gravitational theory by proposing that gravity exists within a finite range, contrary to the infinite range assumed by Newtonian gravity and Einstein’s general relativity. The central premise of this theory is that when a mass is placed in a vacuum with nonzero energy, it curves spacetime only within a confined region called the gravitational field. The boundary of this region, defined by the gravitational field radius, marks the outer limit of gravitational influence. Beyond this radius, gravitational interactions cease to exist, and dark energy becomes the dominant factor governing cosmic dynamics.
To quantify gravitational interactions between two masses, a Gravitational Field Scaling Factor is introduced. This scaling factor measures the degree of overlap between the gravitational fields of two objects. When the fields overlap, gravitational attraction occurs. When the fields merely touch, gravitational force becomes zero. When there is no overlap, gravity is nonexistent, and cosmological expansion dominates the interaction.
This framework modifies Newton’s gravitational law by incorporating the Scaling Factor, yielding an accurate representation of gravitational forces, particularly on cosmological scales. The model not only accounts for gravitational binding within galaxy clusters but also offers a natural explanation for the observed recession of distant galaxies. This paper proposes that the Newton’s law of universal gravitation remains valid only when gravitational fields overlap; if they are merely touching or separated, Newton’s law fails, as gravity does not exist beyond a finite range. The novel laws and equations in this paper provides a predictive mechanism for gravitational behavior, offering a new perspective on cosmic structure and expansion.